The Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) is the highest-level degree for those who wish to apply their knowledge as practicing clinicians. Clinical psychologists are highly trained in various theories, tools, and intervention techniques, and often work with clients who have experienced severe trauma or serious mental illness such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or phobias. They conduct clinical interviews and psychological testing, create treatment plans, consult and collaborate with physicians and other professionals, and provide multiple forms of therapy to alleviate mental illness, behavioral problems, and emotional distress.

Many clinical psychologists choose to work in private practice, while others work in hospitals, school counseling centers, substance abuse treatment facilities, mental health clinics, or residential facilities. Some join comprehensive treatment teams, collaborating with a range of physicians and other specialists—such as those working in rehabilitation settings providing care to patients coping with spinal cord injuries, chronic pain, or various neurological conditions.

Some clinical psychologists focus strictly on providing clinical services, while others extend their professional work to become higher education professors and administrators, supervisors and administrators in clinical settings, as well as advocates for mental health and social change.